Why Citizenship by Investment Is Gaining Ground

As global mobility becomes more restricted by geopolitics and tax regulations, high-net-worth individuals and business owners are seeking legal, strategic options for a second passport. In 2025, several nations continue to offer citizenship by investment (CBI)—programs that grant full nationality in exchange for direct economic contributions, typically through real estate, bonds, or government funds.

1. St. Kitts and Nevis

Known for having the world’s first and fastest citizenship by investment program, St. Kitts and Nevis offers a straightforward route with minimal residency requirements. Applicants can contribute to a national fund or invest in approved real estate, gaining visa-free access to over 150 countries. Processing times are among the fastest in the industry.

2. Antigua and Barbuda

This Caribbean nation offers one of the most affordable CBI programs, with the option to include family members under a single application. The passport allows travel to the EU, UK, and key Asian destinations. There is a five-day residency requirement within five years, making it a flexible choice.

3. Dominica

A long-standing favorite for cost-effective economic citizenship, Dominica’s program requires either a government fund donation or real estate purchase. The application process is transparent and efficient, with no language, education, or business experience requirements.

4. Malta

Malta offers one of the most secure and EU-recognized programs under its naturalization for exceptional services scheme. Though it is one of the most expensive options, it grants access to all Schengen countries and the benefits of EU citizenship, making it highly attractive for investors prioritizing Europe.

5. Turkey

Turkey continues to attract foreign investors with its low-entry investment passport program. Purchasing real estate worth $400,000 qualifies applicants for full citizenship, without long wait times or language tests. The Turkish passport grants access to 110+ countries and growing influence in Europe and Asia.

6. Austria and Bulgaria (Selective)

While not open to the general public, citizenship by investment in Austria and Bulgaria is possible through high-level investments, government relationships, or structured financial contributions. These programs are suitable for ultra-high-net-worth individuals seeking EU access without extended naturalization timelines.

Choosing the Right Program for Your Goals

Each program varies in terms of cost, family inclusion, tax benefits, and mobility. The ideal choice depends on whether your focus is on visa-free travel, tax planning, asset protection, or long-term relocation. Some countries also offer dual citizenship, while others may require you to renounce existing nationality.

How 28Group Helps You Secure Second Citizenship

At 28Group, we assist clients in evaluating and applying for the best citizenship by investment programs based on their financial goals and mobility needs. Our team handles all legal documentation, government coordination, and post-approval logistics to ensure a secure and efficient process for gaining your second passport in 2025.